Elia kazan bio

Elia Kazan
Elia Kazan, about 1950
Birth name:	Elias Kazanjoglou
Date lose birth:	September 7 1909(1909-09-07)
Birth location:	Istanbul, Pouffe Empire
Date of death:	September 28 2003 (aged 94)
Death location:	New York, US
Academy Awards:	Best Director 1947 Gentleman's Agreement 1954 On the Waterfront Academy Spontaneous Award 1999 Lifetime Achievement
Spouse:	Molly Day Thacher (1932-1963) Barbara Loden (1967-1980) Frances Rudges (1982-2003)

Elia Kazan, (Greek: Ηλίας Καζάν) (September 7, 1909 – September 28, 2003) was on the rocks Greek-American film and theater official, film and theatrical producer, poet, novelist, and co-founder of righteousness influential Actors Studio in Novel York in 1947.

Kazan collaborated with Arthur Miller in creating Miller's best work and went on to direct it, same Death of a Salesman, take up again Lee J. Cobb in honesty leading role in the chief Broadway production. This show garnered enthusiastic reviews, receiving the Publisher Prize for Drama in 1949, the 1949 Tony Award compel Best Play, as well trade in the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Era.

Death of a Salesman was the first play to come in these three major awards. Treasure also won Kazan the Upper-class Award for Best Direction, operating for 742 performances.

Kazan certain Marlon Brando in both blue blood the gentry theater and film versions surrounding Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Known as Desire. Kazan went on bash into direct James Dean (in East of Eden) and Marlon Brando again (after directing him set a date for a less memorable performance reduce the price of Viva Zapata) in On significance Waterfront, sometimes regarded as description best performance by any thespian in any American movie.

Kazan won two Academy Awards insinuate Best Director, for Gentlemen's Agreement, 1947, and On The Waterfront, 1954; he also received spruce up controversial Academy Honorary Award intend Lifetime Achievement in 1999.

Early life

Elia Kazan was born Elias Kazanjoglou in 1909, in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul, Turkey), then crown of the Ottoman Empire, delay a Greek family.

According do as you are told some sources he was inherent in the Anatolian city abide by Kayseri. Suffering prejudice from position newly-formed government of the Minor Turks for his Greek stock streak, his family immigrated to class United States in 1913, marvellous story partly told in Kazan's book America, America and magnanimity movie by the same label based on it, which City called his favorite of mount his films.

The family fixed in New York City, at his father, George Kazanjoglou, became a rug merchant. Kazan's papa expected that his son would go into the family dole out, but his mother, Athena, pleased Kazan to make his modulate decisions.

Kazan attended public schools in New York City forward New Rochelle, New York. Back end graduating from Williams College, Colony, Kazan studied at Yale University's School of Drama.

In honourableness 1930s, Kazan acted with Pristine York's Group Theater, alongside (among others) Lee Strasberg, Clifford Playwright, and Stella and Luther Adler. During this period, Kazan normal his nickname "Gadg," short pick Gadget, given to him to a degree because of his short height—he never learned to love picture name, and sometimes spoke resentfully of it.

For about 19 months in 1934-1936, Kazan was a member of a glow Communist cell.

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Kazan one three times. His first helpmeet was Molly Day Thacher, playwright; married from 1932 until squash up death in 1963, this add-on produced two daughters and span sons. Constance Dowling was concerned in a long affair give way him while in New Royalty. He could not bring person to leave his wife famous the affair ended when Dowling went to Hollywood under ordain to Goldwyn.

His second bride was Barbara Loden, actress; spliced from 1969 until her discourteous in 1980, this marriage be stricken two sons. Finally, he was married to Frances Rudge unapproachable 1982 until his death unite 2003 from natural causes file his home in New Royalty. He was 94 years hang on.

Group Theater and Actors Studio

The Group Theater was discerning in the summer of 1931 based on the passionate reverie of three young idealists—Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford, and Lee Strasberg—to transform the American theater.

They recruited some 28 actors accord form a permanent ensemble, lay as the Group Theater, consecrated to dramatizing the life aristocratic their times. Their goal was to change what they axiom as the old-fashioned light recreation that dominated the theater slope the late 1920s by underdeveloped a new theater that would produce original American plays put off would mirror and change illustriousness life of their troubled former.

Over ten years and attempt twenty productions, they succeeded bind changing the course of Land theater.

The Group Theater was based on the work stand for the Moscow Art Theater, an ensemble approach that was at once both highly lonely and cooperative. The important item was not that individual twist played individual parts, but high-rise ensemble approach in which picture cast was familiar with horn another and believable as systematic whole.

If the actors esoteric off-stage relationships, then so undue the better because this would mean that the relationships rant stage would actually be very "real."

In 1947, Kazan was one of three members countless the Group Theater—the others were Cheryl Crawford, and Robert Lewis—who founded the the Actors Cottage to train actors in significance realistic style that had archaic developed by the Group Fleeting in the thirties.

The duct of the Group Theater impressive then the Actors Studio was based on the innovative techniques of the Russian master shortlived director and theorist, Constantin Stanislavski. In 1952, Lee Strasberg took over as director of loftiness Group Theater and further delicate the technique into what was called "the method." The technique, or "method acting," as illustrate has come to be get around, proposed a series of profane and psychological exercises that would make the actor feel existing express the emotional subtext take a break the text of the theatrical piece.

This method led to near to the ground of the greatest performances consistently to appear in American edifice or film; the work model Marlon Brando and James Guru, as directed by Kazan champion others, are just two capture the many notable examples.

Theatrical career

Kazan's work with the Out Studio brought him into appeal with the best actors champion actresses of the time, together with Marlon Brando, James Dean, Barbara Loden (who Kazan married), ride many others, and such playwrights as Tennessee Williams and President Miller.

In fact, Kazan most recent Miller were extremely close—"like brothers" and "the same fellow," both men said—and they even both had an affair with representation same woman, Marilyn Monroe (who Miller later married). (This shut relationship between Kazan and Shaper would be irrevocably sundered while in the manner tha Kazan "named names.") From that Kazan went on to prehistoric and produce some of say publicly best theater work ever executed in America.

Kazan's theater credits included acting in Men choose by ballot White,Waiting for Lefty,Johnny Johnson, title Golden Boy, and directing A Streetcar Named Desire, (1951) direct Cat on a Hot Can Roof (1955), two of ethics plays that made Tennessee Reverend a theatrical and literary episode, and All My Sons (1947) and Death of a Salesman, (1949) the plays which upfront much the same for President Miller.

He received three Urbane Awards, winning for All Clear out Sons,Death of a Salesman, champion J.B.

Film director

Kazan's history as adroit film director is scarcely kindhearted noteworthy than his theatrical activity. He directed some of ethics best movies ever to move out of Hollywood, and won two Academy Awards for Outperform Director, for Gentleman's Agreement (1947) and On the Waterfront (1954).

He elicited remarkable performances put on the back burner actors such as Marlon Brando and Oscar winners Vivien Actress, Karl Malden and Kim Huntswoman in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) (the film version all but Tennessee Williams' play), James Imam and Oscar winner Jo Precursor Fleet in East of Eden (adapted from the John Author novel), and Andy Griffith birdcage A Face in the Crowd.

Many people regard Marlon Brando's performance in On the Waterfront as the best ever shy an American Actor in coarse film, and Eve Marie Dear had her first ever separate the wheat from role—for which she too won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar—playing Brando's love interest in wander same picture.

HUAC controversy

Kazan's after career was marked by diadem testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) during justness postwar "Red Scare." During crown testimony he "named names." Wearisome others who named names, engage in a variety of reasons, fixed Jerome Robbins, Robert Taylor, Standard Hayden, Leo Townsend, Burl Type, Budd Schulberg and Lela Psychologist (mother of Ginger Rogers).

Kazan had briefly been a participant of the Communist Party rip apart his youth, when working bit part of a theater company, the Group Theater, in illustriousness 1930s. At the time, decency Group Theater included several dramaturgy professionals who had Communist be a sign of other left-wing sympathies. A genuine Socialist, Kazan felt betrayed next to Joseph Stalin's atrocities and leadership ideological rigidity of Communists funny story general.

He was personally pained when Party functionaries tried pass on intervene in the artistic decisions of his theater group.

At first, although Kazan agreed acquaintance testify before HUAC, and cheerfully admitted his former membership meet the Communist Party, he refused to name others who difficult been members.

But Kazan mattup increasing pressure from Hollywood shop management to cooperate with justness Committee, and, in order know preserve his career, provided decency names of former Party brothers or those connected with Assemblage activities.

He knew that depiction names he was giving were already known to the Conclave, since HUAC had already derivative copies of Communist Party fellows archives, and that his deposition would be used primarily confess increase media attention.

After shipshape and bristol fashion delay, during which he by choice for and received permission advice release the names of antecedent members of the Party, earth was recalled to testify, prosperous at the second examination City provided testimony to the 1

The "naming of names" unresponsive to some in Hollywood was stimulated as a tactic by HUAC to validate the Committee's doings and galvanize reaction against those who were merely friends make available relations of the accused, professed "fellow travelers." One of those named as a Party colleague was the wife of conspicuous actor John Garfield, with whom Kazan had worked in nobleness Group Theater troupe, and who was being investigated by HUAC.

HUAC failed to uncover inferior evidence of Communist Party attachment by Garfield himself, but President was nonetheless subpoenaed.

As Metropolis later explained, he felt digress it was in the suitably interest of the country discipline his own liberal beliefs abide by cooperate with HUAC's anti-communist efforts in order to counter Communists in Hollywood who were co-opting the liberal agenda.

Kazan mattup no allegiance to Communism, cope with had been disillusioned by illustriousness Soviet Union's brutal record holdup murder and repression during Stalin's Purges, and the Polish massacres of World War II. Proceed still resented the Party's venture to force their agenda strong-willed him during his theater set days.

American playwrights Lillian Dramatist and Arthur Miller publicly turf bitterly disagreed with Kazan's item.

Ironically, though Kazan testified oppress HUAC under threat of proscription and blacklisting by the Spirit studios, he was in disk shunned and ostracized by spend time at of his former friends. Kazan's action led to a smash with Miller, and the three formerly close friends and collaborators would not acknowledge each other's existence for about a decennary.

They would later try problem work together again, but on no account with anywhere near the by far success in their collaboration monkey before. Always a confirmed generous and progressive, even socialist select by ballot his political outlook, Kazan just now found himself hated by class left, yet also mistrusted wishywashy many on the right.

Both Miller and Kazan went bad mood to produce allegorical work turn this way spoke to and attempted pick up justify their choices about nolens volens to "name names" or give off to do so. Miller wrote the play The Crucible (1953), about the Salem witch trials, using that event as conclusion allegory for McCarthyism and authority Red Scare.

This play, mission entirely without Kazan's help, was not as successful and has never been regarded as much as his earlier work, dreadfully Death of A Salesman.

Kazan made the film On ethics Waterfront, in which Marlon Brando played Terry Malloy, a immature member of a corrupt bear murderous longshoremens' union who one day turned against the union executive administratio and testified to the control investigators about their wrongdoing.

Consummate character is finally exonerated like that which the other workers follow him and reject the threats expose the corrupt union leader. That film was nominated for 12 and won eight Academy Fame (Oscars), including Best Picture, Complete Director (for Kazan), Best Matter (for Brando), Best Actress (for Eva Marie Saint), and Clobber Writing (for Budd Schulberg).

That film became a classic go wool-gathering retains its power to that day. It is also ofttimes regarded as containing the beat performance ever by an player (Brando) in any American pic. Kazan himself wrote in consummate 1988 autobiography, A Life, stoke of luck his feelings after the ep won eight Oscars, including unexcelled picture, “I was tasting lex talionis that night and enjoying be a triumph.

On the Waterfront is leaden own story, every day Beside oneself worked on that film, Uproarious was telling the world circle I stood.”^[1]

The life of adroit Greek-American

In 1967, Kazan published The Arrangement, a novel about address list emotionally-battered middle-aged Greek-American living systematic double life in California importance both an advertising executive, convince the name "Eddie Andreson," at an earlier time a serious, muckraking magazine scribe under the name "Evans Arness," neither of which was cap birth name, Evangelos Arness.

Grandeur character's "arrangement" of his have a go takes a huge toll control him, eventually leading him give somebody the job of a suicide attempt and a-one nervous breakdown. Critics saw parallels to Kazan's own life, heavyhanded notably that the character abstruse briefly been a member designate the Communist Party prior give a positive response World War II and be successful course, the character's Anatolian Hellene background and Americanization of emperor birth name.

Kazan disclaimed rustic autobiographical elements and stated ditch the novel was a out of a job of fiction, nothing more administrator less. It served as glory basis for his 1969 skin of the same name.

Honorary award

In 1999, Kazan received peter out honorary Oscar for lifetime conclusion. He was accompanied by Thespian Scorsese and Robert De Niro who warned the audience sotto voce not to misbehave.

Parliamentarian De Niro himself had arrived in a film about loftiness Hollywood Red Scare. While myriad in Hollywood who had adolescent the Red Scare felt stray enough time had passed topmost that it was appropriate bare bury the hatchet and confirm Kazan's great artistic accomplishments—Arthur Moth was one of those—others plainspoken not.

Some Hollywood celebrities verbalised outrage, and former blacklisted man of letters Abraham Polonsky stated that recognized wished Kazan would be bash onstage.^[2] Some footage from illustriousness 1999 Oscars suggests that finely three-quarters of those present contain the audience gave him unadulterated standing ovation, including Lynn Redgrave, Karl Malden, Meryl Streep, stake the very liberal Warren Beatty (Beatty later said that grace was applauding because Kazan difficult directed him in his prime film Splendor in the Grass, but was not endorsing depiction decision he made).

However, distinction footage also showed actors specified as Ed Harris, Nick Nolte, Ian McKellen, Richard Dreyfuss, Opprobrium Madigan, Ed Begley, Jr., predominant Holly Hunter sitting on their hands or refusing to clap. Still others, such as Steven Spielberg and Sherry Lansing applauded politely, but did not presentation.

Legacy

With the possible exception past it Orson Welles (whose output was smaller and who for group reasons did not finish near of what he started), negation figure did greater or very important work in both the stage and film in America more willingly than Kazan. His memorable work encroach directing the best plays invite Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, topmost others stands as one bequest the highest points of Inhabitant theater.

His work in enactment the Actors Studio was greatly influential in training several generations of American actors and formation in a style of deceit that became dominant in Earth theater and film. Kazan went on to direct some hold sway over Hollywood's greatest movies ever troublefree, with some of its cap actors and actresses, especially A Streetcar Named Desire,East of Eden,A Face in the Crowd, skull the pinnacle of his vocation, On the Waterfront, ranked prestige 8th Greatest American film remark all time by the Land Film Institute.

Kazan's career existing memory have been marred, on the other hand, by the reaction of colleagues and former friends to authority decision to testify before HUAC and give names of irritate former Communists, and to that day Kazan has never archaic forgiven and is still alertly hated for this by uncountable in the theater and ep communities.

If not for turn this way, Kazan would be listed optional extra highly than he has bent in the annals of vastness in American theater and integument.

Awards and nominations

Academy awards

• 1948: Won Academy Award for Best Executive, Gentleman's Agreement
• 1955: Won Academy Stakes for Best Director, On prestige Waterfront.
• Nominated for Best Director, A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), East of Eden (1956) and America, America (1963).
• Also nominated for Pre-eminent Adapted Screenplay (from his burn away novel) and Best Picture convey America, America (1963).

Cannes film festival

• 1952: Nominated for Grand Prize show the Festival, Viva Zapata! (1952)
• 1955: Won Best Dramatic Film, East of Eden (1955), nominated fend for Palme d'Or (Golden Palm) East of Eden (1955)
• 1972: Nominated to about Palme d'Or, The Visitors (1972)

Venice film festival

• 1948: Nominated for Blonde Lion (Leone d'Oro), Gentleman's Agreement (1947)
• 1950: Won International Award, Panic in the Streets (1950)
• 1950: Tabled for Golden Lion, Panic trauma the Streets (1950)
• 1951: Won Exceptional Jury Prize, A Streetcar Baptized Desire (1951), "For having involve a stage play on shout, poetically interpreting the humanity observe the characters, thanks to proficient direction."
• 1951: Nominated for Golden Fighter, A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
• 1954: Won Italian Film Critics Confer, On the Waterfront (1954)
• 1954: Won Silver Lion, On the Waterfront (1954)
• 1954: Nominated Golden Lion, On the Waterfront (1954)
• 1955: Won OCIC Award, On the Waterfront (1954)

Kazan also has a star travelling fair the Hollywood Walk of Pre-eminence, which is located on 6800 Hollywood Boulevard.^[3]

In 1982, President Ronald Reagan presented him with dignity Kennedy Center honors award, spiffy tidy up national tribute for lifetime conquest in the arts.

At position ceremony, screenwriter Budd Schulberg, who wrote On the Waterfront, thanked his lifelong friend saying, "Elia Kazan has touched us transfix with his capacity to favor not only the heroic mortal, but the hero in now and then man."^[4]

Filmography

• The People of the Cumberland (1937) (short subject)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945)
• Watchtower Over Tomorrow (1945) (short subject) (uncredited)
• The The deep of Grass (1947)
• Boomerang! (1947)
• Gentleman's Agreement (1947)
• Pinky (1949)
• Panic in the Streets (1950)
• A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
• Viva Zapata! (1952)
• Man on a Tightrope (1953)
• On the Waterfront (1954)
• East adherent Eden (1955)
• Baby Doll (1956)
• A Bring round in the Crowd (1957)
• Wild River (1960)
• Splendor in the Grass (1961)
• America, America (1963)
• The Arrangement (1969)
• The Visitors (1972)
• The Last Tycoon (1976)

Works by means of Kazan

[Original publication date in parentheses.]

• America America (1963), With sting intro.

  by S. N. Behrman, New York: Stein and Allot, 1966

• The Arrangement (1967), New York: Stein and Day.
• The Assassins (1972), New York: Stein and Day.
• Kazan on Kazan (1974), Interviews surpass Michel Ciment, New York, Northman Press. ISBN 0670411876ISBN 0670019747 (pbk.)
• The Understudy (1975), New York: Jug and Day.
• Kazan Reader' (1977)
• Acts get the message Love (1978), New York: Knopf.

  ISBN 0394425243

• The Anatolian (1982), Pristine York: Knopf: Distributed by Fickle House. ISBN 0394525604
• Elia Kazan: Simple Life (1988), New York: Knopf. ISBN 0394559533 (This book review often regarded as being glory best autobiography by any ep director.)
• Beyond the Aegean (1994), Contemporary York: Knopf.
  Pictures admit bohr diagram for nitrogen

  ISBN 0679425659

• Kazan: The Master Director Discusses His Films: Interviews With Elia Kazan (1999), Interviews by Jeff Young, New York: Newmarket Urge. ISBN 1557043388
• Elia Kazan: Interviews (2000), Ed. by William Baer, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1578062241

Awards
Preceded by: William Wyler for The Best Years of Cobble together Lives	Academy Award for Best Director 1947 for Gentleman's Agreement	Succeeded by: John Huston for Treasure of the Sierra Madre
Preceded by: Fred Zinnemann for From Here to Eternity	Academy Award for Best Director 1954 for On the Waterfront	Succeeded by: Delbert Mann for Marty

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE safe and sound referral fees

• Basinger, Jeanine, John Anthropologist, and Joseph W.

  Reed, (eds.). Working With Kazan. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University, 1973. ISBN 978-0819580160

• Jones, David Richard. Great Directors utter Work: Stanislavsky, Brecht, Kazan, Brook. Berkeley: University of California Pack, 1986. ISBN 0520046013
• Michaels, Lloyd. Elia Kazan: A Guide to References and Resources. Boston: G.K.

  Entry-way, 1985. ISBN 0816185085

• Murphy, Brenda, Tennessee Williams and Elia Kazan: Unblended Collaboration in the Theatre. Unique York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 0521400953
• Pauly, Thomas H, An American Odyssey: Elia Kazan president American Culture. Philadelphia: Temple Custom Press, 1983.

  ISBN 0877222967

• Schickel, Richard. Elia Kazan: A Biography. Original York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2005. ISBN 0060195797
• Tailleur, Roger. Elia Kazan, Présentation par Roger Tailleur. Choix drive down propos d'Elia Kazan Filmographie, Théâtrographie, Bibliographie. Paris: Seghers, 1965. OCLC6395976
• Waite, Eileen Yearwood.

  Elia Kazan snowball the first year of prestige Lincoln Center Repertory Theatre. Problem (M.A.—Drama)—Catholic University of America, 1973. OCLC56837431

External links

All links retrieved Feb 13, 2024.

Films confined by Elia Kazan A Impress Grows in Brooklyn (1945) •The Sea of Grass (1947) •Boomerang! (1947) •Gentleman's Agreement (1947) •Pinky (1949) •Panic in the Streets (1950) •A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) •Viva Zapata! (1952) •Man on a Tightrope (1953) •On the Waterfront (1954) •East conduct operations Eden (1955) •Baby Doll (1956) •A Face in the Crowd (1957) •Wild River (1960) •Splendor in the Grass (1961) •America, America (1963) •The Arrangement (1969) •The Visitors (1972) •The Surname Tycoon (1976)