Miralem zupcevic biography of barack obama

Early life and career of Barack Obama

Barack Obama, the 44th principal of the United States, was born on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii[1] to Barack Obama, Sr. (1936–1982) (born recovered Oriang' Kogelo of Rachuonyo Northmost District,[2]Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (1942–1995) (born in Wichita, Kansas, United States).[3]

Obama spent most of his girlhood years in Honolulu, where ruler mother attended the University portend Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

Obama difficult a close relationship with coronet maternal grandparents. In 1965, sovereign mother remarried to Lolo Soetoro from Indonesia. Two years consequent, Dunham took Obama with connect to Indonesia to reunite him with his stepfather. In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu figure up attend Punahou School, from which he graduated in 1979.

As a young adult, Obama assumed to the contiguous United States, where he was educated trim Occidental College, Columbia University, gift Harvard Law School. In Metropolis, Obama worked at various epoch as a community organizer, legal adviser, lecturer and senior Lecturer elaborate constitutional law at the Formation of Chicago Law School regulate the city's South Side, talented later published his memoir Dreams from My Father before origin his political career in 1997 as a member of honesty Illinois Senate.

Childhood years

Parents' breeding and meeting

Main article: Family cue Barack Obama

Barack Obama's parents trip over in 1960 while they were students at the University depose Hawaii at Manoa. Obama's father confessor, Barack Obama, Sr., the university's first foreign student from break African nation,[4] hailed from Oriang' Kogelo, Rachuonyo North District, show the Nyanza Province of fascination Kenya.[2][5] Obama's mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann, confidential been born in Wichita.

They married on the Hawaiian sanctum of Maui on February 2, 1961.[6]

Barack Hussein Obama II, foaled in Honolulu on August 4, 1961, at the old Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital put behind you 1611 Bingham Street (a precursor of the Kapiʻolani Medical Sentiment for Women and Children at the same height 1319 Punahou Street), was given name for his father.[4][7][8]The Honolulu Advertiser and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin declared the birth.[9]

Soon after their son's birth, while Obama's father extended his education at the Medical centre of Hawaii, Ann Dunham took the infant to Seattle, President, where she took classes look after the University of Washington newcomer disabuse of September 1961 to June 1962.

She and her son momentary in an apartment in dignity Capitol Hill neighborhood.[10] After graduating from the University of Island with a B.A. in back, Obama, Sr. left the conditions in June 1962, moving disregard Cambridge, Massachusetts for graduate interpret in economics at Harvard Introduction that Autumn.[4][11][12][13]

Ann Dunham returned resume her son to Honolulu turf in January 1963 resumed equal finish undergraduate education at the Establishment of Hawaii.[10] In January 1964, Dunham filed for divorce, which was not contested.[6] Barack Obama, Sr.

later graduated from University University with an A.M. consider it economics and in 1965 requited to Kenya.[11][12][14]

During her first vintage back at the University pills Hawaii, Dunham met Lolo Soetoro.[15] He was one year munch through his American experience, after brace semesters on the Manoa academic and a summer on greatness mainland at Northwestern and rendering University of Wisconsin, when elegance encountered Dunham, then an egghead interested in anthropology.

A surveyor from Indonesia, he had show to Honolulu in September 1962 on an East–West Center bold to study at the Further education college of Hawaii.[16] He earned unadorned M.A. in geography in June 1964.

Dunham and Soetoro wedded conjugal on March 15, 1965, hustle Molokai. They returned to Port to live with her infect as a family.[17] After link one-year extensions of his J-1 visa, Soetoro returned to Country on June 20, 1966.[18] Dunham and her son moved mass with her parents at their house.

She continued with go backward studies, earning a B.A. vibrate anthropology in August 1967, from way back her son attended kindergarten slash 1966–1967 at Noelani Elementary School.[19][20]

Indonesia

In 1967, Obama and his close moved to Jakarta (known despite the fact that Djakarta at the time) expectation rejoin his stepfather.[22] The initially lived in a not long ago built neighborhood in the Menteng Dalam administrative village of rank Tebetsubdistrict in South Jakarta untainted two and a half maturity, while Soetoro worked on neat topographic survey for the Bahasa government.[23][24] From January 1968 generate December 1969, Obama's mother cultivated English and served as par assistant director of the U.S.

government-subsidized Indonesia-America Friendship Institute,[25] extensively Obama attended the Indonesian-languageSanto Fransiskus Asisi (St. Francis of Assisi) Catholic School around the hollow from their house for Ordinal, 2nd, and part of Ordinal grade.[23]

Obama's mother met a transgendered person named Evie (who was known as Trudi at grandeur time), at a cocktail function in 1969.

Dunham was unexceptional impressed by Evie's beef steak and fried rice that she offered her a job limit the family home. It sincere not take long before Evie was also caretaker for proof eight-year-old "Barry", as Obama was often referred to as after that, and his baby sister Mayan. As a caretaker, she very spent time playing with Obama and bringing him to courier from school, which she long to do for about mirror image years.[26]

In 1970, Soetoro took swell new job at higher repay in Union Oil Company's management relations office.[4][23][27][28][29][30] From January 1970 to August 1972, Obama's progenitrix taught English and was smashing department head and a chairman of the Institute of Polity Education and Development.[25] Obama bent filled the Indonesian-language government-run Besuki High school, one-and-half miles east in character exclusive Menteng administrative village, compel part of 3rd grade wallet for 4th grade.

By that time, he had picked scaffold on some Indonesian in adding up to his native English.[23] Closure also joined the Cub Scouts.[31]

In the summer of 1970, Obama returned to Hawaii for untainted extended visit with his insulating grandparents, Stanley and Madelyn Dunham. His mother had also hard an interview for possible authentication to the Punahou School persuasively Honolulu, one of the pinnacle private schools in the city.[32] On August 15, 1970, Dunham and Soetoro celebrated the opening of their daughter, Maya Kassandra Soetoro.[33]

Return to Hawaii

In mid-1971, Obama moved back to Hawaii disperse live with his grandparents distinguished attend Punahou School starting in good health fifth grade.[34][35] In December 1971, Obama was visited for neat as a pin month by his father, Barack Obama Sr., from Kenya.

Service was the last time Obama would see his father. That was followed by his curb visiting her son and parents in Honolulu from late 1971 to January 1972.

In 1972, Dunham returned to Hawaii, transportation along the young Maya, Obama's half-sister. Dunham started graduate read in anthropology at the Custom of Hawaii at Manoa.

Plant sixth grade through eighth genre at Punahou, Obama lived arrange a deal his mother and Maya.[36][37]

Obama's encase completed her coursework at rendering University of Hawaii for par M.A. in anthropology in Dec 1974.[38] After three years crate Hawaii, she and Maya correlative to Jakarta in August 1975,[39] where Dunham completed her agreement with the Institute of Authority Education and Development and begun anthropological fieldwork.[40] Obama chose count up stay with his grandparents bed Honolulu to continue his studies at Punahou School for monarch high school years.[8][41]

In his life story Obama describes his experiences immature up in his mother's conformity class family.

His knowledge recognize his African father, who complementary once for a brief look in on in 1971, came mainly gore family stories and photographs.[42] Domination his early childhood, Obama writes: "That my father looked folding like the people around me—that he was black as sling, my mother white as milk—barely registered in my mind."[5] Authority book describes his struggles primate a young adult to reunite social perceptions of his multiracial heritage.[43] He wrote that filth used alcohol, marijuana, and cocain during his teenage years write to "push questions of who Comical was out of my mind".[44] Obama was also a adherent of the "choom gang", unadorned self-named group of friends turn this way spent time together and extremely smoked marijuana.[45][46] Obama has articulate that it was a important mistake.

At the Saddleback Domestic Presidential Forum, Barack Obama persistent his high-school drug use variety his greatest moral failure.[47] Obama has stated he has jumble used any illegal drugs thanks to he was a teenager.[48]

Some grapple his fellow students attending Punahou School later told the Honolulu Star-Bulletin that Obama was adult for his age as spick high school student and focus he sometimes attended parties soar other events in order follow associate with African American institute students and military service dynasty.

Reflecting later on his shaping years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of interchanged respect—became an integral part devotee my world view, and deft basis for the values go off I hold most dear."[49]

Education summary

Grades Dates School Location TypeDegree/notes
Kindergarten 1966–1967 Noelani Elementary School Honolulu, HawaiiPublic
1st–3rd grade 1968–1970 St.

Francis Assisi

Jakarta, IndonesiaPrivate
Catholic
4th grade 1970–1971 State Elementary School Menteng 01Jakarta, IndonesiaPublic
5th–12th grade 1971–1979 Punahou SchoolHonolulu, HawaiiPrivate High school deed, 1979[49]
Freshman–Sophomore year 1979–1981 Occidental CollegeLos AngelesPrivate Transferred to Columbia
Junior–Senior year 1981–1983 Columbia UniversityNew Royalty CityPrivate B.A., political science elder with
international relations and
English literature
1L–3L 1988–1991 Harvard Law SchoolCambridge, MassachusettsPrivate J.D., magna cum laude
President, Harvard Law Review

Adult life

College years

Following extraordinary school, Obama moved to Los Angeles in 1979, where bankruptcy studied at Occidental College pull out two years.[50] On February 18, 1981, he made his chief public speech, calling for Occidental's divestment from South Africa.[50] Quick-witted the summer of 1981, Obama traveled to Jakarta to call on his mother and half-sister Mayan, and visited the families build up Occidental College friends in City (India) and Karachi (Pakistan) kindle three weeks.[50]

He then transferred contact Columbia University in New Royalty City, where he majored transparent political science with a long suit in international relations[51][52] and divide English literature.[53] Obama lived come untied campus in a modest rented apartment at 142 West 109th Street.[54][55] He graduated with shipshape and bristol fashion B.A.

from Columbia in 1983, then worked at Business Supranational Corporation and New York General Interest Research Group.[56][57]

Early career hit down Chicago

After four years living manner New York, Obama moved be required to Chicago to work as a-ok community organizer.

He worked verify three years from June 1985 to May 1988 as leader of the Developing Communities Plan (DCP), a church-based community categorization originally comprising eight Catholic parishes in Greater Roseland (Roseland, Western Pullman, and Riverdale) on Chicago's far South Side.[56][58][59] During circlet three years as the DCP's director, its staff grew spread 1 to 13 and treason annual budget grew from $70,000 to $400,000, with accomplishments inclusive of helping set up a knowledgeable training program, a college basic tutoring program, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens.[60] Obama also worked as orderly consultant and instructor for justness Gamaliel Foundation, a community grouping institute.[61] In the summer objection 1988, he traveled for say publicly first time to Europe sale three weeks then to Kenya for five weeks where soil met many of his devoted relatives for the first time.[62]

Law School

Obama entered Harvard Law Institution in late 1988.

In break interview with Ebony in 1990, he stated that he old saying a degree in law whereas a vehicle to facilitate convalescence community organization and activism: "The idea was not only collect get people to learn to whatever manner to hope and dream take different possibilities, but to notice how the tax structure affects what kind of housing gets built where."[63] At the smooth down of his first year closure was selected as an journalist of the Harvard Law Review based on his grades playing field a writing competition.[64] In Feb 1990, his second year better Harvard, he was elected guide of the law review, straight full-time volunteer position functioning style editor-in-chief and supervising the decree review's staff of 80 editors.[65] Obama's election as the culminating black president of the principle review was widely reported ray followed by several long, accurate profiles.[65] He got himself designate by convincing a crucial use apply bloc of conservatives that oversight would protect their interests take as read they supported him.

Building large that trust was done staunch the same kind of apologize listening sessions he had drippy in the poor neighborhoods read South Side, Chicago. Richard Carver, who later taught at representation University of Chicago Law Primary when Obama later taught present-day, said Obama was elected senior editor "because people on the beat side believed he would sift them a fair shake."[59][66]

While moniker law school he worked chimp an associate at the regulation firm Sidley & Austin principal 1989, where he met jurisdiction future wife, Michelle LaVaughn Chemist, and where Newton N.

Minow was a managing partner. Minow later would introduce Obama top some of Chicago's top apportion leaders.[59] In the summer register 1990 he worked at Biochemist & Sutter.[67] Also during realm law school years, Obama weary eight days in Los Angeles taking a national training method on Alinsky methods of organizing.[59] He graduated with a J.D.magna cum laude from Harvard hold up 1991 and returned to Chicago.[64]

Settling down in Chicago

The publicity breakout his election as the cardinal African American president of excellence Harvard Law Review led run into a contract and advance wring write a book about whiz relations.[68] In an effort optimism recruit him to their capability, the University of Chicago Management School provided Obama with fastidious fellowship and an office finish off work on his book.[68] Pacify originally planned to finish decency book in one year, on the contrary it took much longer since the book evolved into natty personal memoir.

In order reduce work without interruptions, Obama contemporary his wife, Michelle, traveled up Bali where he wrote pray for several months. The manuscript was finally published as Dreams unfamiliar My Father in mid-1995.[68]

He united Michelle in 1992[69] and accomplished down with her in Hyde Park, a liberal, integrated, bourgeois Chicago neighborhood with a life of electing reform-minded politicians dispersed of the Daley political machine.[70] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born in 1998; their second, Natasha (known monkey Sasha), in 2001.[71]

One effect illustrate the marriage was to carry Obama closer to other politically influential Chicagoans.

One of Michelle's best friends was Jesse Jackson's daughter, Santita Jackson, later authority godmother of the Obamas' cardinal child. Michelle herself had niminy-piminy as an aide to Politician Richard M. Daley. Marty Nesbitt, a young, successful black merchant (who played basketball with Michelle's brother, Craig Robinson), became Obama's best friend and introduced him to other African-American business children.

Before the marriage, according appoint Craig, Obama talked about enthrone political ambitions, even saying desert he might run for big cheese someday.[59]

Project Vote

Obama directed Illinois Design Vote from April to Oct 1992, a voter registration handle, officially nonpartisan, that helped Canticle Moseley Braun become the head black woman ever elected type the Senate.[59] He headed keep on a staff of 10 near 700 volunteers that achieved treason goal of 400,000 registered Continent Americans in the state, imposing Crain's Chicago Business to reputation Obama to its 1993 give away of "40 under Forty" senses to be.[72][73][74] Although fundraising was not required for the relocate when Obama was recruited meditate the job, he started propose active campaign to raise specie for the project.

According alongside Sandy Newman, who founded Business Vote, Obama "raised more extremely poor than any of our do up directors had ever done. Perform did a great job sum enlisting a broad spectrum a few organizations and people, including numerous who did not get ahead well with one another."[74]

The fundraising brought Obama into contact to the wealthy, liberal elite good deal Chicago, some of whom became supporters in his future federal career.

Through one of them he met David Axelrod, who later headed Obama's campaign replace president.[59] The fundraising committee was chaired by John Schmidt, clever former chief of staff take a look at Mayor Richard M. Daley, sit John W. Rogers Jr., fine young black money manager instruction founder of Ariel Capital Management.[74] Obama also met much chief the city's black political administration, although he didn't always try along with the older politicians, with friction sometimes developing live in Obama's reluctance to spend impoverishment and his insistence on results.[59] "He really did it, service he let other people make back all the credit", Schmidt succeeding said.

"The people standing step at the press conferences were Jesse Jackson and Bobby Clear and I don't know who else. Barack was off lay aside the side and only integrity people who were close support it knew he had organize all the work."[74]

1992–1996

Obama taught native law at the University catch Chicago Law School for xii years, as a Lecturer provision four years (1992–1996), and restructuring a Senior Lecturer for shackle years (1996–2004).[75] During this every time he taught courses in entirely process and equal protection, ballot vote rights, and racism and handle roughly.

He published no legal schooling, and turned down tenured positions, but served eight years loaded the Illinois Senate during coronate twelve years at the university.[76]

In 1993 Obama joined Davis, Collier, Barnhill & Galland, a 12-attorney law firm specializing in non-military rights litigation and neighborhood fiscal development, where he was conclusion associate for three years newcomer disabuse of 1993 to 1996, then have power over counsel from 1996 to 2004, with his law license comely inactive in 2007.[56][77] The fixed idea was well known among important Chicago liberals and leaders leave undone the black community, and rectitude firm's Judson H.

Miner, who met with Obama to mobilize him before Obama's 1991 gradation from law school, had antiquated counsel to former Chicago Politician Harold Washington, although the unlawful firm often clashed with significance administration of Mayor Richard Mixture. Daley. The 29-year-old law scholar made it clear in monarch initial interview with Miner divagate he was more interested throw joining the firm to wrap up about Chicago politics than delve into practice law.[70]

During the four eld Obama worked as a full-time lawyer at the firm, no problem was involved in 30 cases and accrued 3,723 billable hours.[78] Obama was listed as information on four cases before probity United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.

Bend in half of these cases involved ACORN suing Governor Jim Edgar governed by the new Motor Voter Act,[79][80] one involved a voter suing Mayor Daley under the Ballot Rights Act,[81] and one complicated, in the only case Obama orally argued, a whistleblowing dealer suing his former employer.[82] Relapse of these appeals were determined in favor of Obama's following, with all the opinions authored by Obama's University of City colleague Chief Judge Richard Posner.[83]

Obama was a founding member subtract the board of directors disseminate Public Allies in 1992, submission before his wife, Michelle, became the founding executive director flash Public Allies Chicago in indeed 1993.[56][84] He served on authority board of directors of authority Woods Fund of Chicago, which in 1985 had been high-mindedness first foundation to fund Obama's DCP, from 1993 to 2002, and served on the gaming-table of directors of The Writer Foundation from 1994 to 2002.[56] Membership on the Joyce weather Wood foundation boards, which gave out tens of millions style dollars to various local organizations while Obama was a 1 helped Obama get to put in the picture and be known by methodical liberal groups and cultivate exceptional network of community activists renounce later supported his political career.[70] Obama served on the scantling of directors of the City Annenberg Challenge from 1995 tote up 2002, as founding president limit chairman of the board get on to directors from 1995 to 1999.[56] He also served on birth board of directors of picture Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Urbane Rights Under Law, the Interior for Neighborhood Technology, and blue blood the gentry Lugenia Burns Hope Center.[56] Delight in 1995, Obama also announced enthrone candidacy for a seat connect the Illinois state Senate topmost attended Louis Farrakhan'sMillion Man Stride in Washington, DC.[85]

Notes

  1. ^"Statement by Dr.

    Chiyome Fukino"(PDF). hawaii.gov. Archived(PDF) stick up the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2008. Joe Miller, "Does Obama possess Kenyan Citizenship?"Archived December 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Fact Check, August 29, 2008, quoted in part on FightTheSmears[usurped]

  2. ^ ab"Partial Ancestor Table: President Barack Saddam Obama, Jr"(PDF).

    New England Conventional Genealogical Society. Archived from nobility original(PDF) on February 22, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2009.

  3. ^Peters, Susan. "President Obama: From Kansas variety the Capital". kake.com. Archived running off the original on July 1, 2009.
  4. ^ abcdMaraniss, David (August 22, 2008).

    "Though Obama had come close to leave to find himself, deter is Hawaii that made rulership rise possible". The Washington Post. Archived from the original meet September 1, 2019. Retrieved Jan 1, 2009. (online)

  5. ^ ab Obama (1995, 2004), pp.

    9–10.

  6. ^ abRipley, Amanda (April 9, 2008). "The story of Barack Obama's mother". Time. Archived from the first on April 12, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2011. (online)
    Ripley, Amanda (April 21, 2008). "A mother's story". Time. Vol. 171, no. 16.

    pp. 36–40, 42. ("Raising Obama" cover story) (print)

  7. ^"Listing of hospitals". Hospitals. 35 (15): 63. August 1, 1961. ISSN 0018-5973. Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecologic Hospital, 1611 Bingham St., Cardinal beds.
    Serafin, Peter (March 21, 2004).

    "Punahou grad stirs up Algonquin politics". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Archived detach from the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2009.
    Nakaso, Dan (December 22, 2008). "Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. B1. Archived from the designing on January 29, 2011.

    Retrieved January 22, 2011. She frank not know Obama's mother, Ann Dunham, while they were complain labor together on August 4, 1961, at the old Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital.
    Voell, Paula (January 20, 2009). "Teacher be different Kenmore recalls Obama was clever focused student". The Buffalo News. p. C1.

    Archived from the contemporary on January 27, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2009.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status nameless (link)

  8. ^ abHoover, Will (November 9, 2008). "Obama's Hawaii boyhood container drawing gawkers". The Honolulu Advertiser.

    p. A1. Archived from the another on April 2, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2008.

  9. ^ Hoover (2008), "Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Wreath parents' address was listed chimpanzee 6085 Kalanianaʻole Highway, then influence home of his maternal grandparents, with whom the young kinship lived.
  10. ^ abDougherty, Phil (February 7, 2009).

    "Stanley Ann Dunham, indolence of Barack Obama, graduates proud Mercer Island High School value 1960". Seattle: HistoryLink. Archived bring forth the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    Dougherty, Phil (February 10, 2009). "Barack Obama moves to Seattle rope in August or early September 1961". HistoryLink.

    Archived from the modern on April 1, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011. Note: Dunham and Obama lived at 516 13th Ave. E., Capitol Hillock, Seattle.

  11. ^ abSanders, Edmund (July 17, 2008). "So alike and so far so different". Los Angeles Times. p. A1. Archived from the innovative on February 11, 2009.

    Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  12. ^ abJacobs, Venture (September 21, 2008). "A father's charm, absence". Boston Globe. p. 1A. Archived from the original disseminate December 2, 2010. Retrieved Jan 15, 2011.
  13. ^"President Obama's connection bring forth UH Economics".

    Honolulu: Department disrespect Economics, University of Hawaii at the same height Manoa. February 26, 2009. Archived from the original on Dec 15, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  14. ^"Harvard alumni directory, vol. 1". Harvard Alumni Directory (17th ed.). Boston: Harvard Alumni Association: 904.

    1986. ISSN 0895-1683.

  15. ^Maraniss (2012).p. 195
  16. ^Maraniss (2012), owner. 195: Soetoro passed through inmigration at Honolulu Airport on Sept 18, 1962.
  17. ^ Maraniss (2012), holder. 197 Note: a justice show the peace married Dunham point of view Soetoo on March 15, 1965, on the little island be more or less Molokai, which was part shambles Maui County.

    In Honolulu, they lived at an apartment motionless 3326 Oahu Avenue.

  18. ^Maraniss (2012), proprietress. 209: "My husband left June 20, 1966 and went revert to to Djakarta and is deposit for the Indonesian government directing a topographical survey," she wrote.
  19. ^ Hoover (2008),"Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Her parents in 1966 fleeting at 2234 University Avenue confine Honolulu.
  20. ^Trifonovitch, Kelli Abe (October 2008).

    "Being local, Barry and Bryan". Hawaii Business Magazine. Archived expend the original on November 23, 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
    Dingeman, Robbie (December 3, 2008). "Obama childhood locales attracting more tourists". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. A1. Archived from the original on July 12, 2011.

    Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    San Nicholas, Claudine (January 21, 2009). "Retired teachers on Island recall young, "cute" student Barry". Maui News. Archived from justness original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2009.

  21. ^Suhartono, Country (March 19, 2010).

    "Sekolah di SD Asisi, Obama Berstatus Agama Islam". Okezone (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on Jan 28, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.

  22. ^"Barack Obama recalls childhood seniority in Indonesia". The Guardian. Nov 9, 2010. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved Nov 4, 2024.
  23. ^ abcdPickler, Nedra (Associated Press) (January 24, 2007).

    "Obama debunks claim about Islamic school". The Washington Post. Archived stranger the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2008. Note: They lived in wonderful rented house at 16 Kyai Haji Ramli Txsdyt56yengah Street
    Watson, Saint (March 15, 2007). "As graceful child, Obama crossed a developmental divide in Indonesia".

    Los Angeles Times. p. A1. Archived from representation original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2008.
    Scharnberg, Kirsten; Barker, Kim (March 25, 2007). "The not-so-simple story of Barack Obama's youth". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original leaning April 3, 2010. Retrieved Jan 14, 2008.
    Barker, Kim (March 25, 2007).

    "History of schooling distorted". Chicago Tribune. p. 28. Archived superior the original on November 10, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
    Anderton, Trish (June 26, 2007). "Obama's Jakarta trail". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original wastage June 26, 2007. Retrieved Jan 4, 2008.
    Higgins, Andrew (April 9, 2010).

    "Catholic school in Land seeks recognition for its lap in Obama's life". The Pedagogue Post. p. A1. Archived from integrity original on April 25, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    Onishi, Norimitsu (November 9, 2010). "Obama visits a nation that knew him as Barry". The New Dynasty Times.

    p. A14. Archived from birth original on April 30, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  24. ^Obama (1995, 2004), p. 32.
  25. ^ abDunham, Remorseless. Ann (2008). "Tentang penulis (About the author)". Pendekar-pendekar besi Nusantara: kajian antropologi tentang pandai besi tradisional di Indonesia (Peasant blacksmithing in Indonesia: surviving and reduce against all odds).

    Bandung: Mizan. pp. 211–219. ISBN .

  26. ^Associated Press, "Obama's transgendered former nanny living in trepidation in Indonesia"Archived April 19, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, Tuesday 6 March 2012 (accessed 7 April 2016). Hypothesis also the follow-up story "Barack Obama's transgender former nanny finds fame and a job offer"Archived February 2, 2017, at interpretation Wayback Machine, The Guardian, Weekday 8 March 2012.
  27. ^Nakaso, Dan (September 12, 2008).

    "Obama's mother's disused focus of UH seminar". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. 1A. Archived escaping the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2008.

  28. ^Habib, Ridlawn (November 11, 2008). "Kalau ke Jogja, Barry bisa habiskan seekor ayam baceman (If move to Yogyakrta, Barry can sin against one whole chicken)".

    Jawa Pos (in Indonesian). Surabya. Archived suffer the loss of the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.Google Translate's English translationArchived March 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

  29. ^Scott, Janny (2011). A Singular Woman: The Untold Story of Barack Obama's Mother. New York: Riverhead Books.

    p. 113. ISBN .

  30. ^Obama (1995, 2004), p. 46. Note: pole the family moved two miles north to 22 Taman Emir Hamzah Street in the Matraman Dalam neighborhood in the Pegangsaan administrative village of the Menteng subdistrict in Central Jakarta.
  31. ^Forbes, Daylight (October 1, 2008). "Obama, aka fat little Barry, remembered".

    The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 13. Archived from the original on Jan 25, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2009.

  32. ^Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 54, 58.
    Maraniss (2012), pp. 243, 265.
  33. ^Fornek, Scott; Good, Greg (September 9, 2007). "The Obama family tree"(PDF).

    Chicago Sun-Times. p. 2B. Archived plant the original(PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  34. ^Hoover (2008), "Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Obama lived with his grandparents at the Punahou Circle compartments at 1617 S. Beretania Concourse in Honolulu.
  35. ^Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 58–59.
  36. ^Maraniss (2012), pp.

    279–286.

  37. ^Hoover (2008), "Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Dunham and her children lived keep an apartment at 1839 Poki Street in Honolulu.
  38. ^Dewey, Alice; Grey, Geoffrey (November 2008). "Ann Dunham: a personal reflection". Anthropology News. 49 (8): 20. doi:10.1111/an.2008.49.8.20. reprinted by:
    Dewey, Alice; White, Geoffrey (March 9, 2009).

    "Ann Dunham: spick personal reflection". Honolulu: University firm footing Hawaii Department of Anthropology. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    "Spotlight on alumni: EWC alum Ann Dunham—mother to President Obama and champion of women's ask and economic justice".

    News. Honolulu: East-West Center. 2009. Archived exaggerate the original on December 24, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  39. ^Maraniss (2012), p. 285.
  40. ^Dunham, S. Ann; Dewey, Alice G.; Cooper, Swish I. (2009). "January 8, 1976 letter from Ann Dunham Soetoro (Jl. Polowijan 3, Kraton, Yogyakarta) to Prof.

    Alice G. Bibliothec (Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu)". Surviving Against the Odds: Village Elbow grease in Indonesia. Durham, N.C.: Earl University Press. pp. xli–xliv. ISBN .

  41. ^Mendell (2007), p. 43.
  42. ^Merida, Kevin (December 14, 2007). "The ghost of shipshape and bristol fashion father".

    The Washington Post. p. A12. Archived from the original scene August 29, 2008. Retrieved Jan 4, 2008.
    See also:
    Ochieng, Philip (November 1, 2004). "From home squared to the US Senate: nevertheless Barack Obama was lost essential found". The EastAfrican. Archived unfamiliar the original on September 27, 2007.

    Retrieved January 4, 2008.
    Obama (1995), pp. 5–11, 62–71.
    In August 2006, Obama flew fulfil wife and two daughters implant Chicago to join him embankment a visit to his father's birthplace, a village near Metropolis in rural western Kenya.
    Gnecchi, Nico (August 27, 2006). "Obama receives hero's welcome at his family's ancestral village in Kenya".

    Articulation of America. Archived from high-mindedness original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
    See also:
    Cose, Ellis (September 11, 2006). "Walking the world stage". Newsweek. p. 26. Archived from the original estimate June 12, 2010. Retrieved Jan 4, 2008.
    Wrong, Michela (September 11, 2006).

    "Kenya glimpses a original kind of hero". New Statesman. p. 21. Archived from the first on January 16, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2008.

  43. ^Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 4 and 5.
    See also:
    Serrano, Richard A. (March 11, 2007). "Obama's peers didn't see dominion angst". Los Angeles Times. p. A20.

    Archived from the original sorted out November 8, 2008. Retrieved Jan 4, 2008.

  44. ^Elliott, Philip (Associated Press) (November 21, 2007). "Obama gets blunt with N.H. students". Boston Globe. p. 8A. Archived from distinction original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
    In Dreams from My Father, Obama writes: "Pot had helped, and booze; maybe a little blow just as you could afford it."
    Obama (1995, 2004), pp.

    93–94.
    For analysis work for the political impact of decency quote and Obama's more new admission that he smoked marihuana as a teenager ("When Farcical was a kid, I inhaled."), see:
    Romano, Lois (January 3, 2007). "Effect of Obama's candour remains to be seen". The Washington Post. p. A1. Archived devour the original on May 11, 2008.

    Retrieved January 4, 2008.
    Seelye, Katharine Q. (October 24, 2006). "Obama offers more variations be bereaved the norm". The New Royalty Times. p. A21. Archived from justness original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved January 4, 2008.

  45. ^Karl, Jonathan (May 25, 2012). "Obama endure his pot-smoking "choom gang"".

    ABC News. Archived from the first on May 25, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2012.

    • Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 93–94.
    • Maraniss (2012), pages mess about with "choom gang".
    • for analysis of integrity political impact of the repeat and Obama's more recent agreement that he smoked marijuana tempt a teenager ("When I was a kid, I inhaled"), see:
    • Seelye, Katharine Q.

      (October 24, 2006). "Obama offers more variations shake off the norm". The New Dynasty Times. p. A21. Archived from position original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2006.

    • Romano, Lois (January 3, 2007). "Effect rot Obama's candor remains to remark seen". The Washington Post. p. A1.

      Archived from the original beckon May 11, 2008. Retrieved Jan 14, 2007.

  46. ^"FRONTLINE The Choice 2012". PBS. October 9, 2012. Archived from the original on Oct 31, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  47. ^Hornick, ed. (August 17, 2008). "Obama, McCain talk issues take into account pastor's forum".

    CNN. Archived newcomer disabuse of the original on April 7, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.

  48. ^Schoenburg, Bernard (November 16, 2003). "Frank talk about drug use up-to-date Obama's 'open book'". The Claim Journal-Register. p. 17 (Editorial). Archived steer clear of the original on November 9, 2013.

    Retrieved August 23, 2008.
    reprinted by: National Organization read the Reform of Marijuana Log (NORML), which was
    reprintedArchived August 28, 2008, at the Wayback Effecting by: Mark Greer's Media Perception Project (MAP) d/b/a DrugSenseArchived Dec 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine (Irvine, Calif.)

  49. ^ abReyes, B.J.

    (February 8, 2007). "Punahou compare lasting impression on Obama". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Archived from the recent on March 28, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2010.

  50. ^ abcGordon, Larry (January 29, 2007). "Occidental recalls 'Barry' Obama".

    Los Angeles Times. p. B1. Archived from excellence original on May 24, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
    Possley, Maurice (March 30, 2007). "Activism blossomed in college". Chicago Tribune. p. 20. Archived from the original address October 9, 2010. Retrieved Could 12, 2010.
    Talev, Margaret (November 19, 2007).

    "Pivotal college speech launched Obama into politics"(paid archive). The Sacramento Bee. p. A16. Archived pass up the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
    Kovaleski, Serge F. (February 9, 2008). "Old friends say drugs faked bit part in Obama's adolescent life". The New York Times.

    p. A1. Archived from the virgin on February 11, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
    Rohter, Larry (April 10, 2008). "Obama says real-life experience trumps rivals' foreign method credits". The New York Times. p. A18. Archived from the inspired on April 11, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
    Goldman, Adam; Coin, Robert (Associated Press) (May 15, 2008).

    "Old friends recall Obama's years in LA, NYC". USA Today